Some historians are not being too kind to Donald Trump’s legacy.
According to a recent survey from a group of historians, former President Donald Trump was one of the lowest rated U.S. presidents in history.
The C-SPAN survey, which consisted of 142 “historians, professors and other professional observers of the presidency,” ranked all 44 U.S. presidents in history in several categories like “moral authority,” “public persuasion” and “international relations.”
President Trump ranked 41st out of 44 presidents in the survey with especially low scores in the moral authority, international relations and crisis leadership categories.
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The three presidents who ranked behind Trump are Franklin Pierce, James Buchanan and Andrew Johnson, all of whom historians may have downgraded for their roles in the Civil War or racial segregation.
Former President Barack Obama was ranked at no. 10, slightly higher than he was in 2017, the last time this survey was done.
Other notable ranking movements since the last time this survey was conducted in 2017 included President George W. Bush, who moved up from 33 to 29, and President Bill Clinton who dropped from 15 to 19 in the overall rankings.
The top rated President was Abraham Lincoln, who has been at the top of the list since the survey’s inception in 2000.
Current U.S. President Joe Biden is not ranked because he is still serving his term as president.
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“No definitions are provided for the categories: participants are able to interpret them as they see fit to determine their rankings. Each of the 10 categories is given equal weighting in arriving at a president’s total score,” the C-SPAN methodology states.
A version of this survey has been conducted by C-SPAN at the end of each presidency since 2000.
