In the third vote, the number of Republican lawmakers voting against McCarthy rose to 20, up from 19 in the first two rounds. Those 20 backed GOP Rep. Jim Jordan of Ohio, even as Jordan gave a speech in support of McCarthy and hasn’t been voting for himself.

McCarthy can handle no more than four GOP defections given his party’s 222-212 majority, but more than that number have repeatedly opposed him.

Democratic Rep. Hakeem Jeffries of New York got 212 votes in the first, second and third rounds, as his party united behind him.

Analysts are warning that Tuesday’s tensions over what’s typically a ceremonial election could signal that the GOP-run House will be dysfunctional throughout 2023 and 2024.

“In our view, the challenge to McCarthy underscores the difficulty that a narrow and fractured GOP majority will have in working with Democrats in the Senate on key issues such as the debt limit, government funding and Ukraine in 2023,” said Benjamin Salisbury, director of research at Height Capital Markets, in a note.

Salisbury noted that McCarthy has agreed to several concessions in his attempt to become speaker, “but these conditions could hinder the ability of any speaker to pass critical legislation, such as government funding or raising the debt limit.”

U.S. stocks 
DJIA,
-0.03%
finished lower in the new year’s first session, after the S&P 500 benchmark
SPX,
-0.40%
 fell 19% in 2022, hit by the Federal Reserve’s interest-rate hikes as the central bank tries to rein in inflation.

The House is kicking off the new congressional session with the election of a speaker, and it’s required to keep voting until one is chosen. There hasn’t been a need for multiple votes for a speaker’s election since 1923, when nine rounds of voting were required. McCarthy suggested to reporters on Tuesday morning that he may try to wear down his opponents.

“Look, I have the record for the longest speech ever on the floor. I don’t have a problem getting a record for the most votes for speaker,” he said.

McCarthy also criticized the opposition, saying that some GOP representatives demanded certain committee roles, certain budgets and more on Monday night in exchange for their support.

“I will always fight to put the American people first — not a few individuals that want something for themselves,” he said.

One McCarthy opponent, GOP Rep. Scott Perry of Pennsylvania, said for his part that the Republican leader “has repeatedly failed to demonstrate any desire to meaningfully change the status quo in Washington.”

“While he claimed to offer fair and equal representation for conservatives on all House committees, when we provided specific names willing to serve on each — as he requested — he balked,” Perry said in a statement.

“Kevin McCarthy had an opportunity to be speaker of the House. He rejected it.”

If McCarthy’s effort flops, the No. 2 House Republican, Steve Scalise of Louisiana, is viewed as having a good chance of getting the job.

Betting market PredictIt recently was giving McCarthy around a 43% chance of becoming speaker, while Scalise’s chances were around 33% and Jordan’s, 12%.

Related: How betting markets got the midterms wrong, and why Biden’s a ‘great bet’ for 2024

McCarthy lost the first vote with only 203 Republican lawmakers supporting him, against 10 who backed GOP Rep. Andy Biggs of Arizona, and nine who supported other candidates.

In the second vote, 203 Republicans again backed McCarthy, while 19 went for Jordan, who had just made a speech to nominate McCarthy.

Republicans have taken control of the House thanks to wins in November’s midterm elections, returning to power in that chamber after four years in the minority.

But the GOP’s hopes for a strong red wave two years into President Joe Biden’s term were dashed, as the party has claimed just a small House majority and Democrats have maintained their grip on the Senate.

Now read: Isolated and humiliated, Russia is biggest geopolitical threat of 2023, analysts say

Plus: Brace yourself: Your tax refund could shrink in 2023. Here’s why.