Of course there’s the risk of recession and other worries. But bank stocks have declined more than the broader market this year. Naturally, there are many moving parts in their earnings. Here are some big ones:

• Rising interest rates can boost banks’ profits as interest income on loans goes up and the industry continues to pay very little for deposits.

• Rising interest rates mean a decline in the market value of banks’ securities investments and loans. Mark-to-market adjustments lower banks’ profits.

• The decline in securities valuations has reduced investment banks’ underwriting activity, which will lower profits.

• Even though credit quality remains very strong, the largest four U.S. banks by total assets (JPMorgan Chase & Co.
  JPM,
  +0.10%,
  Bank of America Corp.
  BAC,
  -0.32%,
  Citigroup Inc.
  C,
  -0.13%,
  and Wells Fargo & Co.
  WFC,
  -0.48%
  ) are expected to report $3.2 billion in provisions for loan loss reserves for the second quarter. Those additions to reserves directly lower banks’ pretax profits. And they will magnify difficult comparisons to profits a year earlier, which were boosted when the four banks’ combined provisions for LLR were a negative $6.3 billion. (The industry was releasing reserves and boosting profits because loan feared loan losses during the coronavirus pandemic never materialized.)

So we may be in store for another difficult earnings season for banks. But this may magnify a buying opportunity for the group. In a research note on July 7, in which she reiterated her “buy” rating for debt securities issued by KeyCorp
KEY,
-0.57%
(one of the banks listed below), Gimme Credit analyst Kathleen Shanley wrote that the Federal Reserve’s stress tests completed in June “suggest that major U.S. banks are well-prepared to maintain strong capital ratios even under a severely adverse stress scenario.”

Bank stock valuations are very low

Excluding dividends, the S&P 500 index
SPX,
-0.92%
has plummeted 19.6% this year through July 5, while the S&P 500 banking industry group has skidded 24.6%, according to FactSet.

But what about price-to-earnings valuations? Bank stocks as a group nearly always trade at a lower P/E valuation than the S&P 500 does. Both the banks and the full index are trading well below their average P/E over the past five years. But on a relative basis, the banks are cheaper to their five-year average P/E, as this table shows using data from analysts polled by FactSet.

Sector/Index	Current forward P/E	5-year average forward P/E	Current valuation to 5-year average	Current valuation to S&P 500	5-year average valuation to S&P 500
S&P 500 Banks	8.47	12.42	68%	48%	57%
S&P 500	17.63	21.92	80%

The banks are also trading for less than half the full index’s P/E. That is remarkable, based on the same comparisons for 10, 15 and 20 years:

Sector/Index	Current forward P/E	10-year average forward P/E	Current valuation to 10-year average	Current valuation to S&P 500	10-year average valuation to S&P 500
S&P 500 Banks	8.47	12.38	68%	48%	63%
S&P 500	17.63	19.50	90%

Sector/Index	Current forward P/E	15-year average forward P/E	Current valuation to 15-year average	Current valuation to S&P 500	15-year average valuation to S&P 500
S&P 500 Banks	8.47	13.16	64%	48%	74%
S&P 500	17.63	17.67	100%

Sector/Index	Current forward P/E	20-year average forward P/E	Current valuation to 20-year average	Current valuation to S&P 500	20-year average valuation to S&P 500
S&P 500 Banks	8.47	13.22	64%	48%	75%
S&P 500	17.63	17.71	100%

One more item of note in the last table is that despite this year’s decline, the full S&P 500 is trading only slightly cheaper, on a P/E basis, than its 20-year average P/E. So while the S&P 500 appears to be in line with a typical P/E valuation, the banks appear to be trading at bargain prices.

Is it time to scoop up bank stocks?

If you believe we’re heading into a recession (or already in one, because economic indicators lag), your first inclination might be to steer clear of bank stocks entirely, to avoid their expected credit losses and stock declines. Then again, the industry’s decline and super-low P/E valuation may provide a cushion.

What economic scenario do you expect? If you believe the U.S. economy is heading over a cliff, it might be time for some very conservative moves in your investment portfolio. But what if the Federal Reserve’s efforts to quell inflation are already bearing fruit? Maybe we’re in for a smooth landing?

Odeon Capital Group analyst Dick Bove wrote in a client note on July 1 that the Federal Reserve’s moves to raise interest rates and slow the growth of the U.S. money supply made it clear the central bank was “moving forward to meet its promise to reduce inflation.” Separately he wrote that it was “very difficult, if not impossible,” to predict a bottom for bank stocks.

He suggested buying on weakness for two reasons:

• “The deglobalization of the world economy will result in a major increase in business activities that require bank lending.”

• “The valuations on bank stocks tend to reflect the potential of a recession not the possibility of a strong surge in economic activity coming out of that recession (should it occur).”

Those comments reflect a long-term view of the sector, which some investors might consider very long term. Bove expects a long period of increasing production activity in the U.S., which should benefit banks, including U.S. Bancorp
USB,
-0.32%
of Minneapolis, which he rates a “buy.” USB was the eighth-largest U.S. bank as of March 31, with $587 billion in total assets.

And maybe the banks are just where you want to be, after their decline, during a prolonged period of high inflation. The energy, financial and healthcare sectors were the best performers during high inflation in the 1970s, noted Tony DeSpirito , BlackRock’s CIO of U.S. Fundamental Equities and co-manager of the firm’s Equity Dividend Fund
MADVX,
-0.35%,
in his third-quarter equity outlook. He believes financial stocks may fare even better in the current environment because of the “stronger bank balance sheets after restructuring and rigorous stress testing” following the financial crisis of 2008-2009.

How analysts view the banks

The following two tables summarize analysts’ views of the largest 20 U.S. bank holding companies by total assets.

There are some particularly low valuations based on consensus earnings estimates for the next 12 months and tangible book value as of March 31:

Bank	Ticker	City	Total assets ($bil)	Forward P/E	Price/ tangible book value
JPMorgan Chase & Co.	JPM, +0.10%	New York	$3,955	9.2	1.6
Bank of America Corp.	BAC, -0.32%	Charlotte, N.C.	$3,238	8.9	1.5
Citigroup Inc.	C, -0.13%	New York	$2,394	6.8	0.6
Wells Fargo & Co.	WFC, -0.48%	San Francisco	$1,940	8.9	1.1
Goldman Sachs Group Inc.	GS, -0.22%	New York	$1,589	8.2	1.0
Morgan Stanley	MS, +0.16%	New York	$1,222	10.4	1.9
Charles Schwab Corp.	SCHW, -1.10%	Austin, Texas	$681	14.8	7.1
U.S. Bancorp.	USB, -0.32%	Minneapolis	$587	10.2	2.1
Truist Financial Corp.	TFC, -0.40%	Charlotte, N.C.	$544	9.7	2.3
PNC Financial Services Group Inc.	PNC, -1.03%	Pittsburgh	$541	10.4	2.0
Bank of New York Mellon Corp.	BK, +0.14%	New York	$474	8.9	2.4
Capital One Financial Corp.	COF, -0.12%	McLean, Va.	$434	5.5	1.0
State Street Corp.	STT, -0.54%	Boston	$322	8.1	1.6
SVB Financial Group	SIVB, +0.73%	Santa Clara, Calif.	$220	10.4	2.1
Fifth Third Bancorp	FITB, -0.03%	Cincinnati	$211	8.4	1.7
American Express Co.	AXP, -1.00%	New York	$196	14.0	5.7
Citizens Financial Group Inc.	CFG, -0.39%	Providence, R.I.	$192	7.9	1.2
First Republic Bank	FRC, -0.49%	San Francisco	$187	16.8	2.2
KeyCorp	KEY, -0.57%	Cleveland	$181	7.3	1.5
Huntington Bancshares Inc.	HBAN, +0.41%	Columbus, Ohio	$177	8.2	1.4
Source: FactSet

Citigroup is the only bank on the list whose shares have been trading below their March 31 tangible book value, according to FactSet. (A bank’s tangible book value is its book value less intangible assets, such as goodwill and loan servicing rights.)

In a note on June 16, Bove wrote that Citi’s “cash-like position is greater than its common equity,” and that recession-fears were hanging heavily on the stock. He rates Citi a “buy,” and called the bank “a one-stop shop for corporations that operate globally,” because of its dominant position in foreign-exchange markets.

Citigroup’s stock closed at $46.61 on July 5. Bove’s price target for the stock is $51.35, implying 10% upside potential over the next 12 months.

Oppenheimer analyst Chris Kotowski rates Citi “outperform” with a price target of $81, implying upside potential of 74% for the stock, with the assumption that banks as a group will return to more typical P/E valuations, with Citi eventually hitting a 70% multiple relative to the S&P 500, according to the firm’s financial institutions/commercial and investment banking update on July 1.

Here’s a summary of analysts ratings and price targets for the group, again ranked by assets:

Bank	Ticker	Share “buy” ratings	Share neutral ratings	Share “sell” ratings	Closing price – July 5	Consensus price target	Implied 12-month upside potential
JPMorgan Chase & Co.	JPM, +0.10%	54%	39%	7%	$112.62	$150.42	34%
Bank of America Corp.	BAC, -0.32%	62%	35%	3%	$31.24	$45.20	45%
Citigroup Inc.	C, -0.13%	48%	48%	4%	$46.61	$60.10	29%
Wells Fargo & Co.	WFC, -0.48%	76%	24%	0%	$40.10	$55.97	40%
Goldman Sachs Group Inc.	GS, -0.22%	64%	36%	0%	$297.20	$404.60	36%
Morgan Stanley	MS, +0.16%	72%	28%	0%	$76.11	$98.32	29%
Charles Schwab Corp.	SCHW, -1.10%	78%	22%	0%	$63.39	$90.67	43%
U.S. Bancorp.	USB, -0.32%	35%	61%	4%	$46.46	$57.86	25%
Truist Financial Corp.	TFC, -0.40%	50%	42%	8%	$48.64	$59.47	22%
PNC Financial Services Group Inc.	PNC, -1.03%	46%	50%	4%	$161.09	$199.15	24%
Bank of New York Mellon Corp.	BK, +0.14%	37%	63%	0%	$42.08	$50.59	20%
Capital One Financial Corp.	COF, -0.12%	67%	29%	4%	$106.66	$161.90	52%
State Street Corp.	STT, -0.54%	50%	50%	0%	$63.07	$85.60	36%
SVB Financial Group	SIVB, +0.73%	71%	29%	0%	$412.41	$644.23	56%
Fifth Third Bancorp	FITB, -0.03%	70%	30%	0%	$33.70	$45.96	36%
American Express Co.	AXP, -1.00%	55%	41%	4%	$139.65	$189.55	36%
Citizens Financial Group Inc.	CFG, -0.39%	76%	19%	5%	$35.88	$49.42	38%
First Republic Bank	FRC, -0.49%	54%	42%	4%	$148.14	$185.18	25%
KeyCorp	KEY, -0.57%	36%	50%	14%	$17.38	$23.26	34%
Huntington Bancshares Inc.	HBAN, +0.41%	45%	40%	15%	$12.13	$15.85	31%
Source: FactSet

Many of these bank stocks have high dividend yields, which you can see if you click on the tickers.

You should be careful to do your own research to form your own opinion before making any investment.

Click here for Tomi Kilgore’s detailed guide to the wealth of information for free on the MarketWatch quote page.

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