#Ending inner-city violence also means dethroning the gangs

Many groups bear responsibility for the recent chaos in American cities: the rioters themselves, ­police departments and unions that fail to discipline bad cops, politicians who deliberately enflame resentment and hotheaded social-media influencers.

Add another group to the mix: gangsters, who for decades have turned many inner-city, mostly African-American neighborhoods into war zones.

As the evidence shows, though white men are killed more often by cops, it’s statistically more likely for a black man to be killed by a police officer than a white man is — a reality that might be explained by the fact that cops interact with black men far more often than they do with white men. The gangsters help explain that difference.

The Bloods, Crips, Gangster Disciples, Vice Lords and other such factions draw cops into black neighborhoods — often at the urging of black citizens. These gangs commit a large share of the thousands of gun crimes in our cities. Even during the pandemic, gangsters have continued to kill black men across the country. Though gangs make up a small minority of urban America’s young men, they have an outsize influence over the relationship between cops and black communities.

To be sure, Derek Chauvin, and his accompanying Minneapolis police officers, caused the death of George Floyd. But gangsters helped create the environment and cultural context that allow police violence to thrive. And understanding that reality is essential to any efforts to improve American policing.

For reformers, gangsters undermine efforts to address what many regard as the over-policing of black communities and to institute community-policing strategies. Spikes in violent crime increase public support for more aggressive policing. More aggressive policing requires government budgets to pay for more cops in the police force, rather than investing in new police-accountability measures, like body cameras or improved procedures for investigating police shootings.

Americans who want to improve policing should recognize that gangsters make it harder to change policy and culture. Those seeking change struggle to accept the reality of persistent, hard-core criminality among a minority of the black community. Not wanting to play into racist stereotypes, they refuse to distinguish between gangsters who terrorize black communities and the vast majority of law-abiding black people.

Many well-intentioned people, moreover, argue that reducing gang violence requires long-term investments in community programs or economic development. These are worthwhile goals, and I support them enthusiastically. But in the meantime, most people concerned for their personal safety will justifiably favor investing in law enforcement, since police officers can make an immediate, positive impact in reducing homicides in black communities, as Harvard economist Roland Fryer has documented.

Is there a step that we can take to reduce gang violence that’s also an alternative to putting more cops in black communities? Yes: changing the culture that young black men in urban America are raised in. That means aggressively calling out the glorification of violence and stigmatizing those who tolerate or celebrate gang violence, the same way we stigmatize incidents of police brutality against blacks.

This is a call to apply the same assumptions about cultural influence that propel social-media activism about police violence to another form of violence that kills black men. If it’s valuable for Jay-Z to speak about George Floyd, then why can’t he also apologize for glorifying drug dealing? If ESPN and the athletes it does business with believe that they have a responsibility to talk about racism, then why can’t they also recognize how harmful it is to feature gangsta rap songs like “N - - - - s Bleed” on their platforms?

If Republic Records, home of Drake and Taylor Swift, chooses to ban the term “urban” out of respect for black people, then can it also stop publishing lyrics like “gun on my hip, just lower your tone, ’cause you could get hit,” which clearly normalize violence among young men? (Note: The man who rapped these lyrics, Pop Smoke, was shot and killed earlier this year by ski-mask-wearing home invaders.)

Those who believe their voices make a difference on police violence should also use their voices to help reduce gang violence. Whether we like it or not, we won’t have the kind of law enforcement we want until we also have less violent communities.

Jamil Jivani is the author of “Why Young Men: The Dangerous Allure of Violent Movements and What We Can Do About It.” Adapted from City Journal.